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EDUCATION AND HEALTH CARE IN TONGA
Education Expenditures: 6.6 percent of GDP (2021 estimate); ranking compared to other countries in the world: 28. [Source: CIA World Factbook 2023]
Literacy: definition: can read and write Tongan and/or English; total population: 99.4 percent; male: 99.4 percent; female: 99.5 percent (2021). [Source: CIA World Factbook 2023]
School Life Expectancy (Primary to Tertiary): total: 16 years; male: 15 years; female: 17 years (2020). [Source: CIA World Factbook 2023]
Youth Unemployment Rate (ages 15-24): total: 11.1 percent; male: 7.5 percent; female: 16.3 percent (2021 estimate); ranking compared to other countries in the world: 145
Health Expenditures: 5.3 percent of GDP (2020). [Source: CIA World Factbook 2023]
Number of Doctors: 0.95 physicians per 1,000 people (2020). [Source: CIA World Factbook 2023]
Sanitation Access: improved: urban: 99.4 percent of population; rural: 98.8 percent of population; total: 98.9 percent of population; unimproved: urban: 0.6 percent of population; rural: 1.2 percent of population; total: 1.1 percent of population (2020 estimate). [Source: CIA World Factbook 2023]
Energy in Tonga
Carbon Dioxide Emissions: 171,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 estimate)
from coal and metallurgical coke: 0 metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 estimate)
from petroleum and other liquids: 171,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 estimate)
from consumed natural gas: 0 metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 estimate); ranking compared to other countries in the world: emissions 207.
[Source: CIA World Factbook, 2023]
Energy Consumption Per Capita: 22.841 million Btu/person (2019 estimate); ranking compared to other countries in the world: 133. [Source: CIA World Factbook, 2023]
Electricity in Tonga
Access to Electricity: electrification: total population: 100 percent (2021). [Source: CIA World Factbook, 2023]
Electricity Consumption and Production: installed generating capacity: 26,000 kW (2020 estimate)
consumption: 54.448 million kWh (2019 estimate)
exports: 0 kWh (2019 estimate)
imports: 0 kWh (2019 estimate)
transmission/distribution losses: 5.9 million kWh (2019 estimate)
comparison rankings: installed generating capacity 203; consumption 201; exports 162; imports 170; transmission/distribution losses 201. [Source: CIA World Factbook, 2023]
Sources of Electricity Generation: fossil fuels: 100 percent of total installed capacity (2020 estimate)
nuclear: 0 percent of total installed capacity (2020 estimate)
solar: 0 percent of total installed capacity (2020 estimate)
wind: 0 percent of total installed capacity (2020 estimate)
hydroelectricity: 0 percent of total installed capacity (2020 estimate)
tide and wave: 0 percent of total installed capacity (2020 estimate)
geothermal: 0 percent of total installed capacity (2020 estimate)
biomass and waste: 0 percent of total installed capacity (2020 estimate).
[Source: CIA World Factbook, 2023]
Oil, Coal and Natural Gas
Coal: production: 0 metric tons (2020 estimate)
consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 estimate)
exports: 0 metric tons (2020 estimate)
imports: 0 metric tons (2020 estimate)
proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 estimate).
[Source: CIA World Factbook, 2023]
Petroleum: total petroleum production: 0 bbl/day (2021 estimate)
refined petroleum consumption: 1,200 bbl/day (2019 estimate)
crude oil and lease condensate exports: 0 bbl/day (2018 estimate)
crude oil and lease condensate imports: 0 bbl/day (2018 estimate)
crude oil estimated reserves: 0 barrels (2021 estimate)
Refined petroleum products: production
0 bbl/day (2017 estimate); ranking compared to other countries in the world: 114.
[Source: CIA World Factbook, 2023]
Refined Petroleum Products: Exports: 0 bbl/day (2015 estimate); ranking compared to other countries in the world: 127. Imports: 910 bbl/day (2015 estimate); ranking compared to other countries in the world: 202. Source: CIA World Factbook, 2023]
Natural Gas: production: 0 cubic meters (2021 estimate)
consumption: 0 cubic meters (2021 estimate)
exports: 0 cubic meters (2021 estimate)
imports: 0 cubic meters (2021 estimate)
proven reserves: 0 cubic meters (2021 estimate).
[Source: CIA World Factbook, 2023]
Communications in Tonga
Telephones: Fixed Lines: total subscriptions: 11,000 (2021 estimate); subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 10 (2021 estimate); ranking compared to other countries in the world: subscriptions 190. [Source: CIA World Factbook, 2023]
Mobile Telephones: total subscriptions: 64,000 (2021 estimate); subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 61 (2021 estimate); ranking compared to other countries in the world: subscriptions 202. [Source: CIA World Factbook, 2023]
Telecommunication Systems: general assessment: Tonga was only connected to the global submarine telecommunication network in the last decade; this system is more stable than other technologies such as satellite and fixed infrastructure (2022). Domestic: fixed-line 10 per 100 persons and mobile-cellular teledensity 61 telephones per 100 (2021). International: country code: 676; landing point for the Tonga Cable and the TDCE connecting to Fiji and 3 separate Tonga islands; satellite earth station: 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean) (2020). [Source: CIA World Factbook, 2023]
Broadcast Media: 1 state-owned TV station and 3 privately owned TV stations; satellite and cable TV services are available; 1 state-owned and 5 privately owned radio stations; Radio Australia broadcasts available via satellite (2019). [Source: CIA World Factbook, 2023]
Internet Users: total: 73,700 (2021 estimate); Percent of the Population: 67 percent (2021 estimate); ranking compared to other countries in the world: 194; Broadband: Fixed Subscriptions: total: 5,000 (2020 estimate); subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 5 (2020 estimate); ranking compared to other countries in the world: 188. Internet Country Code: .to [Source: CIA World Factbook, 2023]
Transportation in Tonga
Roads: total: 680 kilometers (2011); paved: 184 kilometers (2011); unpaved: 496 kilometers (2011); ranking compared to other countries in the world: 190. [Source: CIA World Factbook, 2023]
Water Transport: Merchant Marine: total: 32; By Type: container ship 4, general cargo 13, oil tanker 1, other 14 (2022); ranking compared to other countries in the world: 131; Ports and Terminals: major seaport(s): Nuku'alofa, Neiafu, Pangai
National Air Transport System: number of registered air carriers: 1 (2020); inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 1; Civil aircraft registration country code prefix: A3. [Source: CIA World Factbook, 2023]
Airports: 6 (2021); ranking compared to other countries in the world: 177; Airports: with paved runways: 1. Paved runways have a concrete or asphalt surface but not all have facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control; the length of a runway required for aircraft to safely operate depends on a number of factors including the type of aircraft, the takeoff weight (including passengers, cargo, and fuel), engine types, flap settings, landing speed, elevation of the airport, and average maximum daily air temperature; paved runways can reach a length of 5,000 meters (16,000 feet), but the “typical” length of a commercial airline runway is between 2,500-4,000 meters (8,000-13,000 feet); Airports with Unpaved Runways: 5. Unpaved runways have a surface composition such as grass or packed earth and are most suited to the operation of light aircraft; unpaved runways are usually short, often less than 1,000 meters (3,280 feet) in length; airports with unpaved runways often lack facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control. [Source: CIA World Factbook, 2023]
Image Sources:
Text Sources: CIA World Factbook, 2023; “Encyclopedia of World Cultures, Volume 2: Oceania,” edited by Terence E. Hays, 1991, Wikipedia, New York Times, Washington Post, Los Angeles Times, Times of London, Lonely Planet Guides, Library of Congress, The Guardian, National Geographic, Smithsonian magazine, The New Yorker, Reuters, Associated Press, AFP, BBC, CNN, and various books, websites and other publications.
Last updated August 2023